Drag the large certificate icon to a Finder window. A box pops up showing information about the certificate.Click the Certificate Information link.In the box that pops up, click the Connection tab.(Edited 2/10/17: I have added a more up-to-date answer in a comment: How to Export Certificate from Chrome on a Mac?) I don't know of any workaround at the present.) (Edited 2/24/19: is correct, this no longer works. If you don't hold down Option when you drag, then you will instead get the certificate contents in human-readable form, which can also be handy.
Note: If you did not follow the steps above in exactly the order stated, you may need to first single-click within the Chrome window so that TextEdit doesn't become hidden when you Option-click.